Substitutions

1 egg                        = 1/2 tsp baking powder, if egg is used as a leavening agent
                                = 1/4 cup unsweetened apple sauce, if egg used to increase moisture
                            = 1/2 ripe banana, mashed (ensure recipe contains baking powder to avoid a dense bake)
                                = 1/4 cup puréed prunes / puréed strawberries (with baking powder)
                                = 1/4 cup yogurt (with baking powder )
                                = 1/4 cup blended tofu
                                = 1/4 cup  custard powder / cornstarch
                                = 1 teaspoon baking soda + 1 tablespoon white or apple cider vinegar
                                = Day old bread slices/ breadcrumbs and/ or chickpea flour where eggs act as binders
                                = condensed milk (along with baking powder)
                                = 1/4 cup mashed potatoes (in savoury dishes where eggs are binders)

Egg wash                 = milk, oil or butter

1 tbsp cornstarch      = 2 tbsp flour (for thickening)

1 chocolate  square   = 3 tbsp cocoa + 1 tbsp butter

1 tsp baking powder = 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar

1 cup milk                 = 1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water

1 cup buttermilk       =  1 tsp lemon juice or vinegar + enough milk to make up to 1 cup

1 cup cake flour       = 7/8 cup all-purpose flour

1 clove garlic minced= 1/8 tsp garlic powder

1 tsp garlic salt          = 1/8 tsp garlic powder + 7/8 tsp salt

1 cup half-and Half  = 1 tbsp melted butter + enough whole milk to make up to 1 cup

1 cup honey             = 1 1/4 cups sugar + 1/4 cup water

1 tsp lemon juice      =  1/4 tsp cider vinegar

1 tsp lemon Peel       = 1/2 tsp lemon extract

1 cup molasses          = 1 cup honey

1 small onion chopped =  1 tsp onion powder

1 tbsp mustard paste   = 1/2 tsp mustard powder + 2 tsp vinegar

1 oz semisweet chocolate = 3 tbsp semisweet chocolate chips